Entre a voz da defesa e a frieza das máquinas: o advogado como contraponto à artificialização da justiça

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Por Raphael Reis, secretário-geral adjunto da OAB Sergipe

A Constituição Federal é clara: o advogado é essencial à administração da justiça. Essa afirmação, inscrita no art. 133, não é um mero adorno retórico. Trata-se de uma garantia democrática de que a voz da defesa terá efetiva participação na formação das decisões judiciais.

Entretanto, a prática cotidiana revela um risco cada vez mais preocupante: o contraditório transformado em ritual protocolar, em que argumentos são formalmente recebidos, mas substancialmente ignorados. Quando isso ocorre, a atuação do advogado é reduzida a uma etapa burocrática, um passo a ser ultrapassado rumo a um resultado já prefigurado.

Esse esvaziamento não é inofensivo. Quando a palavra da defesa não encontra eco, não é apenas o advogado que perde espaço: é a própria justiça que se fragiliza. Não faltam exemplos recentes, inclusive em nosso estado, em que advertências reiteradas sobre a vulnerabilidade de uma custodiada não foram consideradas e o desfecho foi irreversível e trágico. Ignorar a advocacia, nesses contextos, é silenciar um alerta vital.

Essa tendência de “automatizar” o processo guarda inquietante semelhança com os dilemas da inteligência artificial. Em A Próxima Onda, Mustafa Suleyman — um dos cofundadores da DeepMind, uma das empresas mais importantes no desenvolvimento de inteligência artificial — alerta para os riscos de sistemas autônomos, velozes e frios substituírem a deliberação humana. Se a justiça, em nome da celeridade, abdica de escutar com atenção os argumentos da defesa, transforma-se numa máquina igualmente artificial: célere na forma, mas carente de substância.

É exatamente aqui que a essencialidade do advogado precisa ser reafirmada. O processo não pode ser engrenagem de execução automática; deve ser espaço real de debate, onde a defesa influencia o curso da decisão e garante legitimidade à jurisdição. Só assim o contraditório deixa de ser um simulacro para se tornar instrumento de efetiva justiça.

Preservar o papel do advogado é preservar a humanidade do julgamento. É garantir que, diante da tentação de uma inteligência artificializada — seja nos algoritmos, seja incessante busca por celeridade —, prevaleça a escuta do argumento, da razão e, sobretudo, da dignidade humana.

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